Using and Porting the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)

• Compile C, C++, Objective C, or Fortran
• GCC Command Options
  • Option Summary
  • Options Controlling the Kind of Output
  • Compiling C++ Programs
  • Options Controlling C Dialect
  • Options Controlling C++ Dialect
  • Options to Request or Suppress Warnings
  • Options for Debugging Your Program or GCC
  • Options That Control Optimization
  • Options Controlling the Preprocessor
  • Passing Options to the Assembler
  • Options for Linking
  • Options for Directory Search
  • Specifying Target Machine and Compiler Version
  • Hardware Models and Configurations
    • M680x0 Options
    • VAX Options
    • SPARC Options
    • Convex Options
    • AMD29K Options
    • ARM Options
    • Thumb Options
    • MN10200 Options
    • MN10300 Options
    • M32R/D Options
    • M88K Options
    • IBM RS/6000 and PowerPC Options
    • IBM RT Options
    • MIPS Options
    • Intel 386 Options
    • HPPA Options
    • Intel 960 Options
    • DEC Alpha Options
    • Clipper Options
    • H8/300 Options
    • SH Options
    • Options for System V
    • TMS320C3x/C4x Options
    • V850 Options
    • ARC Options
    • NS32K Options
  • Options for Code Generation Conventions
  • Environment Variables Affecting GCC
  • Running Protoize
• Installing GNU CC
  • Files Created by configure
  • Configurations Supported by GNU CC
  • Compilation in a Separate Directory
  • Building and Installing a Cross-Compiler
    • Steps of Cross-Compilation
    • Configuring a Cross-Compiler
    • Tools and Libraries for a Cross-Compiler
    • `libgcc.a' and Cross-Compilers
    • Cross-Compilers and Header Files
    • Actually Building the Cross-Compiler
  • Installing GNU CC on the Sun
  • Installing GNU CC on VMS
  • collect2
  • Standard Header File Directories
• Extensions to the C Language Family
  • Statements and Declarations in Expressions
  • Locally Declared Labels
  • Labels as Values
  • Nested Functions
  • Constructing Function Calls
  • Naming an Expression's Type
  • Referring to a Type with typeof
  • Generalized Lvalues
  • Conditionals with Omitted Operands
  • Double-Word Integers
  • Complex Numbers
  • Hex Floats
  • Arrays of Length Zero
  • Arrays of Variable Length
  • Macros with Variable Numbers of Arguments
  • Non-Lvalue Arrays May Have Subscripts
  • Arithmetic on void- and Function-Pointers
  • Non-Constant Initializers
  • Constructor Expressions
  • Labeled Elements in Initializers
  • Case Ranges
  • Cast to a Union Type
  • Declaring Attributes of Functions
  • Prototypes and Old-Style Function Definitions
  • C++ Style Comments
  • Dollar Signs in Identifier Names
  • The Character ESC in Constants
  • Inquiring on Alignment of Types or Variables
  • Specifying Attributes of Variables
  • Specifying Attributes of Types
  • An Inline Function is As Fast As a Macro
  • Assembler Instructions with C Expression Operands
    • i386 floating point asm operands
  • Controlling Names Used in Assembler Code
  • Variables in Specified Registers
    • Defining Global Register Variables
    • Specifying Registers for Local Variables
  • Alternate Keywords
  • Incomplete enum Types
  • Function Names as Strings
  • Getting the Return or Frame Address of a Function
  • Other built-in functions provided by GNU CC
  • Deprecated Features
• Extensions to the C++ Language
  • Named Return Values in C++
  • Minimum and Maximum Operators in C++
  • goto and Destructors in GNU C++
  • Declarations and Definitions in One Header
  • Where's the Template?
  • Extracting the function pointer from a bound pointer to member function
  • Type Abstraction using Signatures
• gcov: a Test Coverage Program
  • Introduction to gcov
  • Invoking gcov
  • Using gcov with GCC Optimization
  • Brief description of gcov data files
• Known Causes of Trouble with GCC
  • Actual Bugs We Haven't Fixed Yet
  • Installation Problems
  • Cross-Compiler Problems
  • Interoperation
  • Problems Compiling Certain Programs
  • Incompatibilities of GCC
  • Fixed Header Files
  • Standard Libraries
  • Disappointments and Misunderstandings
  • Common Misunderstandings with GNU C++
    • Declare and Define Static Members
    • Temporaries May Vanish Before You Expect
    • Implicit Copy-Assignment for Virtual Bases
  • Caveats of using protoize
  • Certain Changes We Don't Want to Make
  • Warning Messages and Error Messages
• Reporting Bugs
  • Have You Found a Bug?
  • Where to Report Bugs
  • How to Report Bugs
  • Sending Patches for GCC
• How To Get Help with GCC
• Contributing to GCC Development
• Using GCC on VMS
  • Include Files and VMS
  • Global Declarations and VMS
  • Other VMS Issues
• GCC and Portability
• Interfacing to GCC Output
• Passes and Files of the Compiler
• RTL Representation
  • RTL Object Types
  • RTL Classes and Formats
  • Access to Operands
  • Flags in an RTL Expression
  • Machine Modes
  • Constant Expression Types
  • Registers and Memory
  • RTL Expressions for Arithmetic
  • Comparison Operations
  • Bit Fields
  • Conversions
  • Declarations
  • Side Effect Expressions
  • Embedded Side-Effects on Addresses
  • Assembler Instructions as Expressions
  • Insns
  • RTL Representation of Function-Call Insns
  • Structure Sharing Assumptions
  • Reading RTL
• Machine Descriptions
  • Everything about Instruction Patterns
  • Example of define_insn
  • RTL Template
  • Output Templates and Operand Substitution
  • C Statements for Assembler Output
  • Operand Constraints
    • Simple Constraints
    • Multiple Alternative Constraints
    • Register Class Preferences
    • Constraint Modifier Characters
    • Constraints for Particular Machines
    • Not Using Constraints
  • Standard Pattern Names For Generation
  • When the Order of Patterns Matters
  • Interdependence of Patterns
  • Defining Jump Instruction Patterns
  • Canonicalization of Instructions
  • Machine-Specific Peephole Optimizers
  • Defining RTL Sequences for Code Generation
  • Defining How to Split Instructions
  • Instruction Attributes
    • Defining Attributes and their Values
    • Attribute Expressions
    • Assigning Attribute Values to Insns
    • Example of Attribute Specifications
    • Computing the Length of an Insn
    • Constant Attributes
    • Delay Slot Scheduling
    • Specifying Function Units
• Target Description Macros
  • Controlling the Compilation Driver, `gcc'
  • Run-time Target Specification
  • Storage Layout
  • Layout of Source Language Data Types
  • Register Usage
    • Basic Characteristics of Registers
    • Order of Allocation of Registers
    • How Values Fit in Registers
    • Handling Leaf Functions
    • Registers That Form a Stack
    • Obsolete Macros for Controlling Register Usage
  • Register Classes
  • Stack Layout and Calling Conventions
    • Basic Stack Layout
    • Specifying How Stack Checking is Done
    • Registers That Address the Stack Frame
    • Eliminating Frame Pointer and Arg Pointer
    • Passing Function Arguments on the Stack
    • Passing Arguments in Registers
    • How Scalar Function Values Are Returned
    • How Large Values Are Returned
    • Caller-Saves Register Allocation
    • Function Entry and Exit
    • Generating Code for Profiling
  • Implementing the Varargs Macros
  • Trampolines for Nested Functions
  • Implicit Calls to Library Routines
  • Addressing Modes
  • Condition Code Status
  • Describing Relative Costs of Operations
  • Dividing the Output into Sections (Texts, Data, ...)
  • Position Independent Code
  • Defining the Output Assembler Language
    • The Overall Framework of an Assembler File
    • Output of Data
    • Output of Uninitialized Variables
    • Output and Generation of Labels
    • How Initialization Functions Are Handled
    • Macros Controlling Initialization Routines
    • Output of Assembler Instructions
    • Output of Dispatch Tables
    • Assembler Commands for Exception Regions
    • Assembler Commands for Alignment
  • Controlling Debugging Information Format
    • Macros Affecting All Debugging Formats
    • Specific Options for DBX Output
    • Open-Ended Hooks for DBX Format
    • File Names in DBX Format
    • Macros for SDB and DWARF Output
  • Cross Compilation and Floating Point
  • Miscellaneous Parameters
• The Configuration File
• Makefile Fragments
  • The Target Makefile Fragment
  • The Host Makefile Fragment
• Funding Free Software
• Linux and the GNU Project
• GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
  • Preamble
  • TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
  • How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
• Contributors to GCC
• Index