GNU Emacs Manual

• Preface
• Distribution
• GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
  • Preamble
  • TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
  • How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
• Introduction
• The Organization of the Screen
  • Point
  • The Echo Area
  • The Mode Line
  • The Menu Bar
• Characters, Keys and Commands
  • Kinds of User Input
  • Keys
  • Keys and Commands
  • Character Set for Text
• Entering and Exiting Emacs
  • Exiting Emacs
• Basic Editing Commands
  • Inserting Text
  • Changing the Location of Point
  • Erasing Text
  • Undoing Changes
  • Files
  • Help
  • Blank Lines
  • Continuation Lines
  • Cursor Position Information
  • Numeric Arguments
  • Repeating a Command
• The Minibuffer
  • Minibuffers for File Names
  • Editing in the Minibuffer
  • Completion
    • Completion Example
    • Completion Commands
    • Strict Completion
    • Completion Options
  • Minibuffer History
  • Repeating Minibuffer Commands
• Running Commands by Name
• Help
  • Documentation for a Key
  • Help by Command or Variable Name
  • Apropos
  • Keyword Search for Lisp Libraries
  • Help for International Language Support
  • Help Mode Commands
  • Other Help Commands
• The Mark and the Region
  • Setting the Mark
  • Transient Mark Mode
  • Operating on the Region
  • Commands to Mark Textual Objects
  • The Mark Ring
  • The Global Mark Ring
• Killing and Moving Text
  • Deletion and Killing
    • Deletion
    • Killing by Lines
    • Other Kill Commands
  • Yanking
    • The Kill Ring
    • Appending Kills
    • Yanking Earlier Kills
  • Accumulating Text
  • Rectangles
• Registers
  • Saving Positions in Registers
  • Saving Text in Registers
  • Saving Rectangles in Registers
  • Saving Window Configurations in Registers
  • Keeping Numbers in Registers
  • Keeping File Names in Registers
  • Bookmarks
• Controlling the Display
  • Scrolling
  • Horizontal Scrolling
  • Follow Mode
  • Selective Display
  • Optional Mode Line Features
  • How Text Is Displayed
  • Variables Controlling Display
• Searching and Replacement
  • Incremental Search
    • Slow Terminal Incremental Search
  • Nonincremental Search
  • Word Search
  • Regular Expression Search
  • Syntax of Regular Expressions
  • Searching and Case
  • Replacement Commands
    • Unconditional Replacement
    • Regexp Replacement
    • Replace Commands and Case
    • Query Replace
  • Other Search-and-Loop Commands
• Commands for Fixing Typos
  • Killing Your Mistakes
  • Transposing Text
  • Case Conversion
  • Checking and Correcting Spelling
• File Handling
  • File Names
  • Visiting Files
  • Saving Files
    • Backup Files
      • Single or Numbered Backups
      • Automatic Deletion of Backups
      • Copying vs. Renaming
    • Protection against Simultaneous Editing
  • Reverting a Buffer
  • Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
    • Auto-Save Files
    • Controlling Auto-Saving
    • Recovering Data from Auto-Saves
  • File Name Aliases
  • Version Control
    • Introduction to Version Control
      • Supported Version Control Systems
      • Concepts of Version Control
    • Version Control and the Mode Line
    • Basic Editing under Version Control
      • Basic Version Control with Locking
      • Basic Version Control without Locking
      • Features of the Log Entry Buffer
    • Examining And Comparing Old Versions
    • The Secondary Commands of VC
      • Registering a File for Version Control
      • VC Status Commands
      • Undoing Version Control Actions
      • Dired under VC
      • VC Dired Commands
    • Multiple Branches of a File
      • Switching between Branches
      • Creating New Branches
      • Merging Branches
      • Multi-User Branching
    • Snapshots
      • Making and Using Snapshots
      • Snapshot Caveats
    • Miscellaneous Commands and Features of VC
      • Change Logs and VC
      • Renaming VC Work Files and Master Files
      • Inserting Version Control Headers
    • Customizing VC
      • Options for VC Backends
      • VC Workfile Handling
      • VC Status Retrieval
      • VC Command Execution
  • File Directories
  • Comparing Files
  • Miscellaneous File Operations
  • Accessing Compressed Files
  • Remote Files
  • Quoted File Names
• Using Multiple Buffers
  • Creating and Selecting Buffers
  • Listing Existing Buffers
  • Miscellaneous Buffer Operations
  • Killing Buffers
  • Operating on Several Buffers
  • Indirect Buffers
• Multiple Windows
  • Concepts of Emacs Windows
  • Splitting Windows
  • Using Other Windows
  • Displaying in Another Window
  • Forcing Display in the Same Window
  • Deleting and Rearranging Windows
• Frames and X Windows
  • Mouse Commands for Editing
  • Secondary Selection
  • Following References with the Mouse
  • Mouse Clicks for Menus
  • Mode Line Mouse Commands
  • Creating Frames
  • Making and Using a Speedbar Frame
  • Multiple Displays
  • Special Buffer Frames
  • Setting Frame Parameters
  • Scroll Bars
  • Menu Bars
  • Using Multiple Typefaces
  • Font Lock mode
  • Font Lock Support Modes
    • Fast Lock Mode
    • Lazy Lock Mode
    • Fast Lock or Lazy Lock?
  • Highlight Changes Mode
  • Miscellaneous X Window Features
  • Non-Window Terminals
• International Character Set Support
  • Introduction to International Character Sets
  • Enabling Multibyte Characters
  • Language Environments
  • Input Methods
  • Selecting an Input Method
  • Coding Systems
  • Recognizing Coding Systems
  • Specifying a Coding System
  • Fontsets
  • Defining fontsets
  • Single-byte European Character Support
• Major Modes
  • How Major Modes are Chosen
• Indentation
  • Indentation Commands and Techniques
  • Tab Stops
  • Tabs vs. Spaces
• Commands for Human Languages
  • Words
  • Sentences
  • Paragraphs
  • Pages
  • Filling Text
    • Auto Fill Mode
    • Explicit Fill Commands
    • The Fill Prefix
    • Adaptive Filling
  • Case Conversion Commands
  • Text Mode
  • Outline Mode
    • Format of Outlines
    • Outline Motion Commands
    • Outline Visibility Commands
    • Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views
  • TeX Mode
    • TeX Editing Commands
    • LaTeX Editing Commands
    • TeX Printing Commands
  • Nroff Mode
  • Editing Formatted Text
    • Requesting to Edit Formatted Text
    • Hard and Soft Newlines
    • Editing Format Information
    • Faces in Formatted Text
    • Colors in Formatted Text
    • Indentation in Formatted Text
    • Justification in Formatted Text
    • Setting Other Text Properties
    • Forcing Enriched Mode
• Editing Programs
  • Major Modes for Programming Languages
  • Lists and Sexps
  • List And Sexp Commands
  • Defuns
  • Indentation for Programs
    • Basic Program Indentation Commands
    • Indenting Several Lines
    • Customizing Lisp Indentation
    • Commands for C Indentation
    • Customizing C Indentation
      • Step 1--Syntactic Analysis
      • Step 2--Indentation Calculation
      • Changing Indentation Style
      • Syntactic Symbols
      • Variables for C Indentation
      • C Indentation Styles
  • Automatic Display Of Matching Parentheses
  • Manipulating Comments
    • Comment Commands
    • Multiple Lines of Comments
    • Options Controlling Comments
  • Editing Without Unbalanced Parentheses
  • Completion for Symbol Names
  • Which Function Mode
  • Documentation Commands
  • Change Logs
  • Tags Tables
    • Source File Tag Syntax
    • Creating Tags Tables
    • Selecting a Tags Table
    • Finding a Tag
    • Searching and Replacing with Tags Tables
    • Tags Table Inquiries
  • Merging Files with Emerge
    • Overview of Emerge
    • Submodes of Emerge
    • State of a Difference
    • Merge Commands
    • Exiting Emerge
    • Combining the Two Versions
    • Fine Points of Emerge
  • C Modes and Java Mode
    • C Mode Motion Commands
    • Electric C Characters
    • Hungry Delete Feature in C
    • Other Commands for C Mode
    • Comments in C Modes
  • Fortran Mode
    • Motion Commands
    • Fortran Indentation
      • Fortran Indentation Commands
      • Continuation Lines
      • Line Numbers
      • Syntactic Conventions
      • Variables for Fortran Indentation
    • Fortran Comments
    • Fortran Auto Fill Mode
    • Checking Columns in Fortran
    • Fortran Keyword Abbrevs
    • Other Fortran Mode Commands
  • Asm Mode
• Compiling and Testing Programs
  • Running Compilations under Emacs
  • Searching with Grep under Emacs
  • Compilation Mode
  • Subshells for Compilation
  • Running Debuggers Under Emacs
    • Starting GUD
    • Debugger Operation
    • Commands of GUD
    • GUD Customization
  • Executing Lisp Expressions
  • Libraries of Lisp Code for Emacs
  • Evaluating Emacs-Lisp Expressions
  • Lisp Interaction Buffers
  • Running an External Lisp
• Abbrevs
  • Abbrev Concepts
  • Defining Abbrevs
  • Controlling Abbrev Expansion
  • Examining and Editing Abbrevs
  • Saving Abbrevs
  • Dynamic Abbrev Expansion
  • Customizing Dynamic Abbreviation
• Editing Pictures
  • Basic Editing in Picture Mode
  • Controlling Motion after Insert
  • Picture Mode Tabs
  • Picture Mode Rectangle Commands
• Sending Mail
  • The Format of the Mail Buffer
  • Mail Header Fields
  • Mail Aliases
  • Mail Mode
    • Mail Sending
    • Mail Header Editing
    • Citing Mail
    • Mail Mode Miscellany
  • Distracting the NSA
  • Mail-Composition Methods
• Reading Mail with Rmail
  • Basic Concepts of Rmail
  • Scrolling Within a Message
  • Moving Among Messages
  • Deleting Messages
  • Rmail Files and Inboxes
  • Multiple Rmail Files
  • Copying Messages Out to Files
  • Labels
  • Rmail Attributes
  • Sending Replies
  • Summaries
    • Making Summaries
    • Editing in Summaries
  • Sorting the Rmail File
  • Display of Messages
  • Editing Within a Message
  • Digest Messages
  • Converting an Rmail File to Inbox Format
  • Reading Rot13 Messages
  • movemail and POP
• Dired, the Directory Editor
  • Entering Dired
  • Commands in the Dired Buffer
  • Deleting Files with Dired
  • Flagging Many Files at Once
  • Visiting Files in Dired
  • Dired Marks vs. Flags
  • Operating on Files
  • Shell Commands in Dired
  • Transforming File Names in Dired
  • File Comparison with Dired
  • Subdirectories in Dired
  • Moving Over Subdirectories
  • Hiding Subdirectories
  • Updating the Dired Buffer
  • Dired and find
• The Calendar and the Diary
  • Movement in the Calendar
    • Motion by Standard Lengths of Time
    • Beginning or End of Week, Month or Year
    • Specified Dates
  • Scrolling in the Calendar
  • Counting Days
  • Miscellaneous Calendar Commands
  • LaTeX Calendar
  • Holidays
  • Times of Sunrise and Sunset
  • Phases of the Moon
  • Conversion To and From Other Calendars
    • Supported Calendar Systems
    • Converting To Other Calendars
    • Converting From Other Calendars
    • Converting from the Mayan Calendar
  • The Diary
    • Commands Displaying Diary Entries
    • The Diary File
    • Date Formats
    • Commands to Add to the Diary
    • Special Diary Entries
  • Appointments
  • Daylight Savings Time
• Miscellaneous Commands
  • Gnus
    • Gnus Buffers
    • When Gnus Starts Up
    • Summary of Gnus Commands
  • Running Shell Commands from Emacs
    • Single Shell Commands
    • Interactive Inferior Shell
    • Shell Mode
    • Shell Command History
      • Shell History Ring
      • Shell History Copying
      • Shell History References
    • Shell Mode Options
    • Remote Host Shell
  • Using Emacs as a Server
  • Hardcopy Output
  • Postscript Hardcopy
  • Variables for Postscript Hardcopy
  • Sorting Text
  • Narrowing
  • Two-Column Editing
  • Editing Binary Files
  • Saving Emacs Sessions
  • Recursive Editing Levels
  • Emulation
  • Dissociated Press
  • Other Amusements
• Customization
  • Minor Modes
  • Variables
    • Examining and Setting Variables
    • Easy Customization Interface
      • Customization Groups
      • Changing an Option
      • Customizing Faces
      • Customizing Specific Items
    • Hooks
    • Local Variables
    • Local Variables in Files
  • Keyboard Macros
    • Basic Use
    • Naming and Saving Keyboard Macros
    • Executing Macros with Variations
  • Customizing Key Bindings
    • Keymaps
    • Prefix Keymaps
    • Local Keymaps
    • Minibuffer Keymaps
    • Changing Key Bindings Interactively
    • Rebinding Keys in Your Init File
    • Rebinding Function Keys
    • Named ASCII Control Characters
    • Rebinding Mouse Buttons
    • Disabling Commands
  • Keyboard Translations
  • The Syntax Table
  • The Init File, `~/.emacs'
    • Init File Syntax
    • Init File Examples
    • Terminal-specific Initialization
    • How Emacs Finds Your Init File
• Dealing with Common Problems
  • Quitting and Aborting
  • Dealing with Emacs Trouble
    • If DEL Fails to Delete
    • Recursive Editing Levels
    • Garbage on the Screen
    • Garbage in the Text
    • Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search
    • Running out of Memory
    • Recovery After a Crash
    • Emergency Escape
    • Help for Total Frustration
  • Reporting Bugs
    • When Is There a Bug
    • Understanding Bug Reporting
    • Checklist for Bug Reports
    • Sending Patches for GNU Emacs
  • Contributing to Emacs Development
  • How To Get Help with GNU Emacs
• Command Line Arguments
  • Action Arguments
  • Initial Options
  • Command Argument Example
  • Resuming Emacs with Arguments
  • Environment Variables
    • General Variables
    • Miscellaneous Variables
  • Specifying the Display Name
  • Font Specification Options
  • Window Color Options
  • Options for Window Geometry
  • Internal and External Borders
  • Frame Titles
  • Icons
  • X Resources
  • Lucid Menu X Resources
  • Motif Menu X Resources
• Emacs 19 Antinews
• Emacs and MS-DOS
  • Keyboard and Mouse on MS-DOS
  • Display on MS-DOS
  • File Names on MS-DOS
  • Text Files and Binary Files
  • Printing and MS-DOS
  • Subprocesses on MS-DOS
  • Subprocesses on Windows 95 and NT
  • Using the System Menu on Windows
• The GNU Manifesto
  • What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
  • Why I Must Write GNU
  • Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix
  • How GNU Will Be Available
  • Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help
  • How You Can Contribute
  • Why All Computer Users Will Benefit
  • Some Easily Rebutted Objections to GNU's Goals
• Glossary
• Key (Character) Index
• Command and Function Index
• Variable Index
• Concept Index